How Far Can Iran’s Missiles Reach? Europe, Gulf and US

Iran’s ballistic missiles reach from about 200 km to about 2,000 km. The short-range Fateh-110, Fateh-313, Qiam-1 and Zolfaghar fly roughly 200 to 800 km, enough to hit the Gulf states across the water but not Israel.

The medium-range force is what reaches farther. The Shahab-3 flies about 1,300 km. The Kheibar Shekan flies about 1,450 km, by Iran’s own figure. The Emad flies about 1,700 km. The Ghadr flies about 1,950 km. The Sejjil and the Khorramshahr fly about 2,000 km each. Iran unveiled the newest Khorramshahr, the Khorramshahr-4 or Kheibar, on May 25, 2023, and said it carries a 1,500 kg warhead over 2,000 km.

Range falls as the warhead gets heavier. The Sejjil is credited with about 2,000 km carrying 700 kg but only about 1,000 km carrying 1,500 kg. A lighter warhead stretches any of these missiles, which is why outside estimates of the Khorramshahr’s maximum reach vary.

Only the southeastern edge, and only from Iran’s far northwest. Measured from the Bazargan border crossing near Turkey, Incirlik air base is about 830 km away and Britain’s RAF Akrotiri in Cyprus about 1,140 km. Bucharest is about 1,610 km away. The US Aegis Ashore missile defense site at Deveselu, Romania, is about 1,730 km away. Athens is about 1,800 km away, and the US naval base at Souda Bay on Crete about 1,830 km.

Those same targets are 2,350 to 2,470 km from Tehran, beyond the 2,000 km mark. So Iran would have to fire from its northwestern provinces, close to the Turkish and Iraqi borders, to hit southeastern Europe with the missiles it has shown.

Western and central Europe are another matter. From the same border crossing, Aviano air base in Italy is about 2,680 km away and Rome about 2,690 km. Berlin is about 2,770 km away. Ramstein Air Base in Germany, the main US air hub in Europe, is about 3,090 km away. Paris is about 3,470 km away, RAF Lakenheath in England about 3,620 km and London about 3,660 km. Naval Station Rota in Spain is about 4,400 km away. Each needs between a third more and twice the range Iran has shown in a confirmed test.

That gap has not stopped the threats. On November 4, the Tehran municipality’s newspaper Hamshahri printed a map of 15 US and NATO sites across Europe as possible Revolutionary Guards targets, including RAF Fairford in England, about 3,770 km from Iran’s border. That is nearly twice the distance Iran’s known missiles fly.

Iran has tried once, by the US and British account. In March 2026, two ballistic missiles were fired at the joint US-British base on Diego Garcia in the Indian Ocean, US officials said. One failed in flight, a US destroyer fired an SM-3 interceptor at the other, and neither reached the island. A British official later confirmed the attempt. Iranian officials denied that Iran was responsible.

Diego Garcia is about 3,840 km from Chabahar, on Iran’s southeastern coast, and about 5,260 km from Tehran. If the missiles were fired from Iran, they had to fly nearly twice the range Iran had admitted to. The Israeli military said afterward that Iran had missiles that could reach London, Paris or Berlin. Rezaei’s November 11 warning that Iran might strike “certain islands that they assume are beyond the reach of our missiles” reads, to us, as a reminder of that launch.

No. Washington is about 10,180 km from Tehran and about 9,470 km from Iran’s northwestern border. New York is about 9,140 km from that border. Reaching either would take an intercontinental ballistic missile, a class that flies more than 5,500 km, and Iran has never tested one.

The US Defense Intelligence Agency judged in 2025 that Iran has space launch rockets it could use to develop a militarily viable ICBM by 2035, if Tehran decided to pursue one. Officials said in February 2026 that the assessment had not changed, and US intelligence has said it will revisit it once it has judged the damage done to Iran’s missile industry in the war.

All of them, and most are within reach of Iran’s short-range missiles as well. From Bushehr on Iran’s Gulf coast, Al Udeid Air Base in Qatar is about 430 km away and Prince Sultan Air Base in Saudi Arabia about 630 km. Riyadh is about 620 km away. Tel Aviv is about 1,580 km from Tehran, inside the range of every medium-range missile Iran fields, as our guide to how far Israel is from Iran sets out.

Many of Iran’s missiles have landed there since the war began on February 28. How many it still holds, and how many launchers it has to fire them, is covered in our estimate of how many missiles Iran has left.

It was a ceiling Iran’s leaders said they had set on themselves, and the Revolutionary Guards now say it no longer applies. In October 2017, the Guards’ commander Mohammad Ali Jafari said the supreme leader had limited Iran’s missiles to 2,000 km, a range he called enough to reach Iran’s enemies.

Mohebbi’s November 7 statement ended that policy in words. He gave no new figure and said Iran would show its capabilities in practice. Apart from the disputed Diego Garcia launch, no Iranian missile is publicly known to have flown beyond about 1,900 km, the longest Sejjil test on record. Building longer-range missiles would also need large solid-fuel motors and production lines that Israeli and US strikes have repeatedly hit.

• Iran’s longest-range missiles in service, the Sejjil and the Khorramshahr, are credited with about 2,000 km.
• Iran said in May 2023 that the Khorramshahr-4 carries a 1,500 kg warhead over 2,000 km.
• From Iran’s northwestern border, Incirlik is about 830 km away, Deveselu in Romania about 1,730 km and Souda Bay on Crete about 1,830 km.
• Ramstein Air Base is about 3,090 km from Iran’s border, and London about 3,660 km.
• Diego Garcia is about 3,840 km from Iran’s southeastern coast; two missiles fired at it in March 2026 did not reach it.
• Washington is about 10,180 km from Tehran, a distance only an ICBM could cover, and Iran has never tested one.
• On November 7, 2026, the Revolutionary Guards said Iran’s self-imposed 2,000 km limit had been lifted, without naming a new range.